The National Elk Refuge, established in 1912, is a beacon of natural preservation and wildlife management in the United States. Situated in the heart of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, this refuge provides a critical winter habitat for one of the largest elk (Cervus canadensis) herds on Earth, along with many other wildlife species.
Spanning over 24,700 acres, the National Elk Refuge was created in response to the dwindling elk populations at the turn of the 20th century, primarily due to overhunting and loss of habitat. Its establishment marked a pivotal moment in American conservation history, embodying a growing recognition of the need to protect and manage wildlife and their habitats sustainably. Today, the refuge not only safeguards the elk but also serves as a habitat for bison, trumpeter swans, bald eagles, and wolves, showcasing the richness of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Jackson Hole is characterized by its flat valley floor, surrounded by steep mountain ranges, including the Tetons to the west and the Gros Ventre range to the east. The valley’s most striking feature, the Teton Range, rises dramatically from the valley floor presenting a breathtaking backdrop that is iconic to the region. The Snake River meanders through the valley, enriching the soil and creating a lush, vibrant ecosystem that contrasts with the rugged peaks above.
The ecological role of the National Elk Refuge is equally profound. Providing a sanctuary for thousands of elk during the harsh Wyoming winters ensures the survival of a species that was once on the brink of extinction. The refuge’s grassy meadows and riverine environments offer the necessary food and shelter, supporting the elk until they migrate back to the surrounding mountains in spring. This cycle plays a critical role in the health and stability of the ecosystem, influencing everything from vegetation patterns to predator-prey dynamics.
Our photo of the bull elk was taken on the northern end of the National Elk Refuge just outside of Grand Teton National Park on a cold winter day in January 2021. As seen here the elk is forging amongst the tall grasses protruding from the snow-covered landscape.
Elk Photo Gallery